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Keyboard Shortcuts Quick Reference

Welcome to Liii STEM's keyboard shortcuts quick reference. Here we list commonly used shortcut combinations for quick reference and improved editing efficiency.

Download Keyboard Shortcuts PDF

Environment Shortcuts

Tip

These shortcuts are used to control the overall document environment and formatting settings, including spacing, indentation, alignment, section headings, lists and other basic typesetting functions. Proper use of these shortcuts can help you edit documents more efficiently.

WindowsGNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
space + tabspace + tabspace + tabNon-breaking space (\nbsp\backslash\texttt{nbsp} or \sim)Insert non-breaking space, maintain fixed spacing between text
ctrl + l//\raggedleft\backslash\texttt{raggedleft}Left-align text
ctrl + e//\centering\backslash\texttt{centering}Center-align text
ctrl + r//\raggedright\backslash\texttt{raggedright}Right-align text
alt + 1alt + 1option + 1\section\backslash\texttt{section}Create level 1 heading
alt + 2alt + 2option + 2\subsection\backslash\texttt{subsection}Create level 2 heading
alt + 3alt + 3option + 3\subsubsection\backslash\texttt{subsubsection}Create level 3 heading
alt + 4alt + 4option + 4\paragraph\backslash\texttt{paragraph}Create paragraph heading
+ + tab+ + tab+ + tab\itemize\backslash\texttt{itemize}Create unordered list item
1 + . + tab1 + . + tab1 + . + tab\enumerate\backslash\texttt{enumerate}Create ordered list item
$$$inline math modeInsert inline math formula
alt + $alt + $option + $single-line math modeInsert single-line display math
alt + 7alt + 7option + 7multi-line math modeInsert multi-line math environment
ctrl + #ctrl + #ctrl + #add equation numberAdd equation number
alt + arrowalt + arrowoption + arrowadd new row/column in matrix/tableAdd new row/column in matrix or table
ctrl + shift + fctrl + shift + fctrl + shift + fadd footnoteAdd footnote
ctrl + nctrl + nctrl + nadd new scriptCreate new document
ctrl + pctrl + pctrl + pexport to PDFExport document to PDF format

::: Important Notes

  1. On Mac systems, use the option key instead of the alt key used in Windows/Linux.
  2. Some shortcuts may conflict with system shortcuts and need to be changed in system settings.
  3. Math formula-related shortcuts must be used in the corresponding math input environment.
  4. Table and matrix operation shortcuts only work in their corresponding environments.
  5. It is recommended to memorize commonly used shortcuts to improve editing efficiency.
  6. Paragraph first-line indentation, right alignment, center alignment, and left alignment shortcuts currently only support Windows. :::

Reference Shortcuts

Tip

These shortcuts are used to create labels and references in documents, helping you manage cross-references more efficiently.

WindowsGNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
ctrl + ?ctrl + ?ctrl + ?\ref\backslash\texttt{ref}Reference label
ctrl + !ctrl + !ctrl + !\label\backslash\texttt{label}Create label

::: Important Notes

  1. Before using labels and references, create labels for the target elements (such as equations, tables, images, etc.).
  2. References will automatically link to the corresponding labeled locations.
  3. It is recommended to use meaningful label names for easier management. :::

Common Constructions

Tip

This document lists common shortcuts for entering mathematical formulas in the editor. All shortcuts should be pressed in sequence. Before using these shortcuts, press $ to enter math input mode.

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
x + ^ + 2x + ^ + 2x2x^2 (x^2)Superscript
x + _ + i,jx + _ + i,jxi,jx_{i,j} (x_{i,j})Subscript
alt + s + 2option + s + 22\sqrt{2} (\sqrt{2})Square root
alt + s + Tab + 3 + + + noption + s + Tab + 3 + + + n3n\sqrt[n]{3} (\sqrt[n]{3})nth root
alt + foption + f23\frac{2}{3} (\frac{2}{3})Fraction
alt + t/\tabular\backslash\texttt{tabular}Centered borderless table
alt + t + tab/\matrix\backslash\texttt{matrix}Matrix
alt + t + tab + tab/Determinant
alt + t + tab + tab + tab/Selection
alt + t + tab + tab + tab + tab/Stack

:::Important Notes

  1. When using these shortcuts, ensure the editor is in Math Input Mode.
  2. If formulas do not display correctly, check whether you have properly entered Math Input Mode.
  3. Shortcuts for tables, matrices and other constructs are too complex on Mac and therefore not listed. :::

Font Styles

Tip

When entering mathematical expressions, you can use these shortcuts to quickly change font styles.

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
ctrl + u + Actrl + u + AA\underline{A} (\underline{A})Underlined font
ctrl + i + Actrl + i + AA\mathit{A} (\mathit{A})Italic font
ctrl + b + Actrl + b + AA\mathbf{A} (\mathbf{A})Bold font
F7 + AF7 + AA\mathcal{A} (\mathcal{A})Calligraphy
A + A + TabA + A + TabA\mathcal{A} (\mathcal{A})Calligraphy
F8 + AF8 + AA\mathfrak{A} (\mathfrak{A})Gothic
A + A + Tab * 2A + A + Tab * 2A\mathfrak{A} (\mathfrak{A})Gothic
A + AA + AA\mathbb{A} (\mathbb{A})Math bold

:::Important Notes Some font styles (such as script, fraktur, blackboard bold, etc.) only apply to Latin letters. :::

Greek Letters

Tip

  • All Greek letter shortcuts use letter + Tab combination
  • Uppercase Greek letters use uppercase letter + Tab
  • In the math editor, type the letter and then press Tab
Windows/GNU/Linux/MacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
a + tabα\alpha (\alpha)Alpha
b + tabβ\beta (\beta)Beta
g + tab, G + tabγ\gamma (\gamma), Γ\Gamma (\Gamma)Gamma
d + tab, D + tabδ\delta (\delta), Δ\Delta (\Delta)Delta
e + tab + tab + tabϵ\epsilon (\epsilon)Epsilon
e + tabε\varepsilon (\varepsilon)Epsilon
z + tabζ\zeta (\zeta)Zeta
h + tabη\eta (\eta)Eta
j + tab, J + tabθ\theta (\theta)Theta
j + tab + tab + tabϑ\vartheta (\vartheta)Theta
i + tabι\iota (\iota)Iota
k + tab, K + tabκ\kappa (\kappa)Kappa
l + tab, L + tabλ\lambda (\lambda), Λ\Lambda (\Lambda)Lambda
m + tabμ\mu (\mu)Mu
n + tabν\nu (\nu)Nu
x + tab, X + tabξ\xi (\xi), Ξ\Xi (\Xi)Xi
p + tab, P + tabπ\pi (\pi), Π\Pi (\Pi)Pi
p + tab + tab + tabϖ\varpi (\varpi)Pi
o + tab, O + tabο\omicron (\omicron)Omicron
r + tabρ\rho (\rho)Rho
r + tab + tabϱ\varrho (\varrho)Rho
s + tab, S + tab / C + tabσ\sigma (\sigma), Σ\Sigma (\Sigma)Sigma
s + tab + tab / c + tabς\varsigma (\varsigma)Sigma
t + tabτ\tau (\tau)Tau
u + tab, U + tabυ\upsilon (\upsilon), Υ\Upsilon (\Upsilon)Upsilon
f + tab + tab, F + tab + tabϕ\phi (\phi), Φ\Phi (\Phi)Phi
f + tabφ\varphi (\varphi)Phi
q + tabχ\chi (\chi)Chi
y + tab, Y + tabψ\psi (\psi), Ψ\Psi (\Psi)Psi
w + tab, W + tabω\omega (\omega), Ω\Omega (\Omega)Omega

:::Important Notes

  • Some Greek letters have multiple variant forms (such as ε and ϵ); please distinguish them carefully.
  • Case sensitive — ensure you input the correct case. :::

Sets and Logic

:::Tip These shortcuts can help you quickly input mathematical symbols and improve the efficiency of writing mathematical formulas. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
% + tab% + tab\cup (\cup)Union symbol
& + tab& + tab\cap (\cap)Intersection symbol
< + tab + tab< + tab + tab\subset (\subset)Proper subset
< + tab + tab + =< + tab + tab + =\subseteq (\subseteq)Subset
> + tab + tab> + tab + tab\supset (\supset)Proper superset
> + tab + tab + => + tab + tab + =\supseteq (\supseteq)Superset
< + tab< + tab\in (\in)Element of
> + tab> + tab\ni (\ni)Contains (is superset of)
< + tab + /< + tab + /\notin (\notin)Not an element of
R + RR + RR\mathbb{R} (\mathbb{R})Set of real numbers
Z + ZZ + ZZ\mathbb{Z} (\mathbb{Z})Set of integers
Q + QQ + QQ\mathbb{Q} (\mathbb{Q})Set of rational numbers
N + NN + NN\mathbb{N} (\mathbb{N})Set of natural numbers
C + CC + CC\mathbb{C} (\mathbb{C})Set of complex numbers
@ + /@ + /\varnothing (\varnothing)Empty set
A + tab + tab + tabA + tab + tab + tab\aleph (\aleph)Aleph numbers
= + tab + tab= + tab + tab\equiv (\equiv)Defined as / Identically equal
A + tab + tabA + tab + tab\forall (\forall)Universal quantifier
E + tab + tabE + tab + tab\exists (\exists)Existential quantifier
! + tab! + tab¬\neg (\neg)Logical NOT
%%\vee (\vee)Disjunction
&&\wedge (\wedge)Conjunction
| + tab + -| + tab + -\vdash (\vdash)Turnstile (derivation)
| + tab + =| + tab + =\models (\models)Models (semantic entailment)
= + >= + >\Rightarrow (\Rightarrow)Implication
= + > + /= + > + /\nRightarrow (\nRightarrow)Non-implication

:::Important Notes

  • Make sure no other characters interfere when typing shortcuts.
  • Press the Tab key fully before proceeding to the next step. :::

Decorator Symbols (Accents)

:::Tip In Liii STEM, you can use keyboard shortcuts to quickly enter common mathematical accent/decorator symbols. These symbols are typically used for derivatives, vectors, and similar concepts. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
alt + ˙option + ˙˙\dot{} (\dot{})First derivative (dot)
alt + ˙ + ˙option + ˙ + ˙¨\ddot{} (\ddot{})Second derivative (double dot)
alt + ˆoption + ˆ^\hat{} (\hat{})Unit vector (hat)
alt + ˜option + ˜~\tilde{} (\tilde{})Tilde (equivalence)
alt + -option + -ˉ\bar{} (\bar{})Overbar / average symbol

:::Important Notes

  1. Accent symbols must be applied after the base character is entered.
  2. Some accent shortcuts may conflict with system shortcuts; ensure your system settings allow these shortcuts.
  3. Mac users should ensure the option key's special character input is enabled. :::

Dots (Ellipses)

:::Tip After typing dots or dot-like sequences, you can press Tab to cycle through different ellipsis types. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
. + .. + .\ldots (\ldots)Baseline ellipsis (used in text)
. + . + tab. + . + tab\cdots (\cdots)Centered ellipsis (used in math)
. + . + tab + tab + tab. + . + tab + tab + tab\vdots (\vdots)Vertical ellipsis
. + . + tab + tab + tab + tab. + . + tab + tab + tab + tab\ddots (\ddots)Diagonal ellipsis

:::Important Notes Note the usage difference between centered ellipsis (\cdots) and baseline ellipsis (\ldots). :::

Variable-Size Operators

::: Tip These shortcuts quickly enter common mathematical operators that change size depending on context. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX等价说明
I + TabI + Tab\int (\int)Integral
I + I + TabI + I + Tab\iint (\iint)Double integral
I + I + I + TabI + I + I + Tab\iiint (\iiint)Triple integral
@ + I@ + I\oint (\oint)Circle integral
U + Shift TabU + Shift Tab\bigcup (\bigcup)Union set
N + Shift TabN + Shift Tab\bigcap (\bigcap)Intersect set
S + Shift TabS + Shift Tab\sum (\sum)Summation
P + Shift TabP + Shift Tab\prod (\prod)Product

::: Important Notes Ensure the function key (F5) on your keyboard works properly. Some laptops may require pressing the Fn key as well. :::

Arrows

::: Tip Arrow symbols can be entered quickly in Liii STEM using simple key combinations. Memorizing these shortcuts improves formula input efficiency. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
- + >- + >\rightarrow (\rightarrow)Right arrow
- + > + /- + > + /\nrightarrow (\nrightarrow)Negated right arrow
- + - + >- + - + >\longrightarrow (\longrightarrow)Long right arrow
= + >= + >\Rightarrow (\Rightarrow)Double-line right arrow
= + > + /= + > + /\nRightarrow (\nRightarrow)Negated double-line right arrow
= + = + >= + = + >\Longrightarrow (\Longrightarrow)Long double-line right arrow
~ + >~ + >\leadsto (\leadsto)Tilde arrow
| + - + >| + - + >\mapsto (\mapsto)Mapping arrow
| + - + - + >| + - + - + >\longmapsto (\longmapsto)Long mapping arrow
< + -< + -\leftarrow (\leftarrow)Left arrow
< + - + >< + - + >\leftrightarrow (\leftrightarrow)Left-right arrow
< + - + tab< + - + tab\uparrow (\uparrow)Up arrow
< + - + tab + tab< + - + tab + tab\downarrow (\downarrow)Down arrow
< + - + > + tab< + - + > + tab\updownarrow (\updownarrow)Up-down arrow
//\curvearrowright (\curvearrowright)Curved right arrow
//\curvearrowleft (\curvearrowleft)Curved left arrow

::: Important Notes When entering arrow shortcuts, press the combination keys in the correct sequence. :::

Brackets and Delimiters

::: Tip Liii STEM provides multiple quick input methods for brackets and delimiters. Use key combinations to quickly enter common mathematical delimiters and improve formula editing efficiency. :::

Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
< + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab< + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab\langle \rangle (\langle \rangle)Angle brackets pair, often for vectors
| + .| + .\lfloor \rfloor (\lfloor \rfloor)Floor brackets
| + '| + '\lceil \rceil (\lceil \rceil)Ceiling brackets
| + || + |\parallel \parallel (\parallel \parallel)Norm / parallel symbol

::: Important Notes

  1. When entering delimiters, pay attention to pairing — ensure the number of left and right delimiters match.
  2. Some delimiters can have different meanings in different contexts.
  3. Familiarize yourself with the commonly used shortcuts first and gradually learn more combinations. :::

Other Symbols

::: Tip

  • All shortcuts must be used in math input mode.
  • Symbols will be inserted immediately after typing the shortcut.
  • The number of Tab presses affects the final symbol produced. :::
Windows/GNU/LinuxMacLaTeX\LaTeX EquivalentDescription
< + = + tab< + = + tab\leq (\leq)Less than or equal to
> + = + tab> + = + tab\geq (\geq)Greater than or equal to
= + \= + \\neq (\neq)Not equal to
< + << + <\ll (\ll)Much less than
> + >> + >\gg (\gg)Much greater than
˜ + ˜˜ + ˜\approx (\approx)Approximately equal
= + tab= + tab\asymp (\asymp)Asymptotically equal
< + tab + tab + tab< + tab + tab + tab\prec (\prec)Precedes
< + tab + tab + tab + = + tab< + tab + tab + tab + = + tab\preceq (\preceq)Precedes or equal
> + tab + tab + tab> + tab + tab + tab\succ (\succ)Succeeds
> + tab + tab + tab + = + tab> + tab + tab + tab + = + tab\succeq (\succeq)Succeeds or equal
@ + @ + tab + tab@ + @ + tab + tab\propto (\propto)Proportional to
. + =. + =\doteq (\doteq)Dot-equal
@ + tab + tab + tab + tab@ + tab + @ + tab + tab\angle (\angle)Angle
l + tab + tab + tabl + tab + tab + tab\ell (\ell)Script lowercase l
+ f5 + b + f5 + b\parallel (\parallel)Parallel to
~ + =~ + =\cong (\cong)Congruent to
~ + = + /~ + = + /\ncong (\ncong)Not congruent
~~\sim (\sim)Similar to
~ + -~ + -\simeq (\simeq)Similar and approximately equal
~ + /~ + /\nsim (\nsim)Not similar
@ + +@ + +\oplus (\oplus)Circle plus (direct sum)
@ + -@ + -\ominus (\ominus)Circle minus
@ + .@ + .\odot (\odot)Circle dot
@ + *@ + *\otimes (\otimes)Circle times
@ + /@ + /\oslash (\oslash)Circle slash
/ + - + tab + tab + tab/ + - + tab + tab + tab\upharpoonright (\upharpoonright)Restriction
* + tab + tab + tab* + tab + tab + tab\cdot (\cdot)Centered dot
+ + -+ + -±\pm (\pm)Plus-minus sign
- + +- + +\mp (\mp)Minus-plus sign
* + tab* + tab×\times (\times)Multiplication sign
/ + tab + tab/ + tab + tab÷\div (\div)Division sign
* + tab* + tab\ast (\ast)Asterisk
d + tab + tab + tabd + tab + tab + tab\partial (\partial)Partial derivative
V + tab + tabV + tab + tab\nabla (\nabla)Nabla (gradient)
@@\circ (\circ)Circle symbol
* + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab* + tab + tab + tab + tab + tab\star (\star)Star
i + tab + tab + tabi + tab + tab + tabı\imath (\imath)Dotless lowercase i
j + tab + tabj + tab + tabȷ\jmath (\jmath)Dotless lowercase j
b + tab + tab + tabb + tab + tab + tab\beth (\beth)Hebrew letter beth
g + tab + tabg + tab + tab\gimel (\gimel)Hebrew letter gimel
d + tab + tab + tabd + tab + tab + tab\daleth (\daleth)Hebrew letter daleth
r + er + e\Re (\Re)Real part
w + tab + tabw + tab + tab\mho (\mho)Inverted ohm (mho)
p + tab + tabp + tab + tab\wp (\wp)Weierstrass p
@ + @@ + @\infty (\infty)Infinity
t + tab + tabt + tab + tab\top (\top)Top (true)
t + tab + tab + tabt + tab + tab + tab\bot (\bot)Bottom (false)
< + > + tab + tab + tab + tab< + > + tab + tab + tab + tab\clubsuit (\clubsuit)Clubs
< + > + tab< + > + tab\diamondsuit (\diamondsuit)Diamonds
< + > + tab + tab< + > + tab + tab\heartsuit (\heartsuit)Hearts
< + > + tab + tab + tab< + > + tab + tab + tab\spadesuit (\spadesuit)Spades
b + tab + tabb + tab + tab\flat (\flat)Flat (music)
# + tab + tab# + tab + tab\natural (\natural)Natural (music)
# + tab# + tab\sharp (\sharp)Sharp (music)
@ + = + tab@ + = + tab\triangleq (\triangleq)Defined-equal
+ + tab + tab+ + tab + tab\dagger (\dagger)Dagger / obelisk

::: Note Switch to English input mode when using different input methods. :::